نقد تحلیلی اشکالات برهان اعتماد در اثبات عصمت انبیاء

Prophetic infallibility is a central issue in Shiʿi theology and plays a decisive role in the credibility of revelation and legitimacy of prophethood. Among rational arguments for infallibility, the Argument from Trust is significant because it rests on a psychological and social principle: the purpose of prophethood can be fully realized only when people have absolute trust in the prophet, and such trust requires complete infallibility in belief, religious rulings, and conduct. Using an analytical-critical method, this study examines three major objections to this argument. The first claims that trust is possible without complete infallibility by comparing prophets with non-infallible scholars or experts. This analogy is invalid, since prophets differ fundamentally in mission, verifiability of error, and scope of influence. The second objection holds that infallibility entails compulsion. In response, the study distinguishes essential impossibility from extrinsic impossibility and argues that infallibility is the perfection of free will, arising from intuitive knowledge and divine love, not a denial of agency. The third objection concerns the argument’s limited evidential scope. This is answered by explaining infallibility as a firmly rooted moral disposition operative in all circumstances; even private sins or pre-prophetic faults would undermine public trust and prophetic dignity. The findings show that the Argument from Trust can establish the comprehensive infallibility of prophets in religious, epistemic, and social dimensions.