The Place of Reason in Kant's View on Religious Rituals

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
Tayebeh Jourabchy 1
Hosein Hooshangi 2
1 Ph.D. student of Comparative Philosophy, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate professor of Islamic philosophy and theology, Imam Sadiq University, Tehran, Iran.
10.30497/prr.2021.14705.1571
Abstract
The rationality of religion and its different aspects is a significant subject addressed by Kant in his works. Many scholars have paid more attention to the study of Kant's opinion on the rationality of creeds and morality and neglected his opinion on the ritual aspect of religion. Considering morality as the core of religion, Kant admits religious rites as a prelude to reaching a rational-ethical religion. Calling the view that 'one can obtain divine mercy by performing rituals', superstition, he says that there is no duty to God in a rational religion. Performing duties is not the proper way for showing humility and obedience to God, but having purity as the background of all behaviors can serve that. Kant approves religious rituals if they are the bedrock for cultivating the spirit of morality and performing duties by a person. Therefore, Kant is not an absolute opponent and an absolute advocate of religious rituals
Keywords
Theoretical Reason
Practical Reason
Natural Religion
Revealed Religion
Religious Rituals
کاپلستون، فردریک چارلز. 1380. تاریخ فلسفه (جلد ۶): از ولف تا کانت، ترجمۀ اسماعیل سعادت و منوچهر بزرگ‌مهر. تهران: علمی و فرهنگی.
کانت، ایمانوئل. 1368. تعلیم و تربیت. ترجمۀ غلام‌حسین شکوهی. تهران: دانشگاه تهران.
کانت، ایمانوئل. 1370. تمهیدات. ترجمۀ غلامعلی حداد عادل. تهران: نشر دانشگاهی.
کانت، ایمانوئل. 1383. نقد قوه حکم. ترجمۀ عبدالکریم رشیدیان. تهران: نی.
کانت، ایمانوئل. 1393. درس‌های فلسفه اخلاق. ترجمۀ منوچهر صانعی دره‌بیدی. تهران: نقش و نگار.
کانت، ایمانوئل. 1395-الف. دین در محدوده عقل تنها. ترجمۀ منوچهر صانعی دره‌بیدی. تهران: نقش و نگار.
کانت، ایمانوئل. 1395-ب. نقد عقل محض. ترجمۀ بهروز نظری. تهران: ققنوس.
کانت، ایمانوئل. 1395-ج. نقد عقل عملی. ترجمۀ انشالله رحمتی. تهران: سوفیا.
کورنر، اشتفان. 1367. فلسفه کانت. ترجمۀ عزت‌الله فولادوند. تهران: خوارزمی.
Cassirer, Ernst. 1981. Kant’s Life and Thoughts. Yale University Press.
Kant, Immanuel. 1979. Lectures on Ethics. Translated by L. Infield. London: Methuen and Co.
Kant, Immanuel. 1996. Practical Philosophy. Translated and edited by Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge University Press.
Kant, Immanuel. 2001. Lectures on the Philosophical Doctrine of Religion, in Religion and Rational Theology. Cambridge University Press.
Kemp Smith, Norman. 1962. A Commentary to Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. New York: Humanity Press.
Paton, H. J. 1947. Categorical Imperative: A Study in Kant Moral Philosophy. London: Hutchinson's University Library.
Walsh, W. H. 1997. Kant’s Criticism of Metaphysics. The Cromwell Press.
Wood, Allen. 1991. “Kant’s Deism,” in Kant’s Philosophy of Religion Reconsidered, edited by Philip J. Rossi and Micheal J. Wreen. Bloomigton: Indiana University Press.
Philosophy of Religion Research
Volume 18, Issue 2 - Serial Number 36
November 2021
Pages 141-160