Philosophy of Religion Research
Frege, Wittgenstein and Private Language Argument
Editorial
Authors
1 Assistant Professor at The Iranian Institute of Philosophy, Tehran, Iran
2 MA in Philosophy at Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
One of the most controversial topics which is discussed by Wittgenstein in Philosophical Investigations is private language argument. According to Wittgenstein, the way in which a languageuser categorizes his thoughts, feelings and emotions in the language cannot be talked about personally and privately. Words and Sentences do not gain their meaning in private. Wittgenstein’s argument is based on “correct /seems to be correct” distinction. According to him, if the language-user is authorized to utilize words and sentences privately, the mentioned distinction would be irrelevant and non-sense, normatively speaking. In other words, in such a situation we cannot give an account of the calibration of word use in different contexts. It follows from this that the whole idea of meaning is evaporated.
Furthermore, Frege argued in favoure of the objectivity of meaning in his famous article entitled Thought. According to him, the distinction between idea and thought should be taken into account in order to discuss the very idea of ‘meaning’. Idea is entirely private, subjective and associated with mental image, whereas thought is public, objective and associated with meaning. In other words, mental image does not have any role in the formation of meaning, semantically speaking. Frege appealed to Platonic realm in order to give an account of how ideas and meanings can be distinguished from each other, metaphysically speaking.
It is said that Wittgenstein is influenced by Fregean account of meaning in formulating his private language argument, although he does not subscribe to Frege’s Platonic ontology.
In this article, we are going to give an account of how Fregean account of meaning is utilized in Wittgenstein’s private language argument. Firstly, we formulate and give an account of private language argument in the Wittgensteinian sense. We formulate our argument based on the rule-following argument which has a key role in understanding private language argument. To do so, we try to criticise the anti-realistic account of meaning and justify the realistic account of meaning, according to which the language-user is answerable to patterns of word use. In this way, we can give an account of 'correct /seems to be correct' distinction, semantically speaking. Secondly, we read the private language argument in the light of the realistic account of meaning. Thirdly, Frege’s account of meaning is discussed in details. Finally, Wittgenstein’s private language argument is compared with Fregean account of meaning.
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